{"id":34,"date":"2015-04-21T02:11:13","date_gmt":"2015-04-21T02:11:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/?page_id=34"},"modified":"2018-04-26T21:46:54","modified_gmt":"2018-04-26T21:46:54","slug":"references","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/?page_id=34","title":{"rendered":"Library"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abraham, K.F. 2005. The Cackling Goose: not new to Ontario. OFO News 23: 2-6. http:\/\/www.ofo.ca\/site\/page\/view\/articles.cacklinggoose.<\/a><\/p>\n

Cox, C. and J. Barry. 2005. The identification, molts, and aging of American and Eurasian Wigeons in female-type plumages. Birding <\/em>37(2): 156-164.\u00a0https:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v37n2p156.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Jackson, G. D. 1991. Field identification of teal in North America: Part I. Birding <\/em>23: 124-133.<\/p>\n

Jackson, G.D. 1992. Field identification of teal in North America: female-like plumages – part II. Birding <\/em>24: 214-223.<\/p>\n

Jordan, M. 1988. Distinguishing Tundra and Trumpeter Swans. Birding <\/em>20: 223-226.<\/p>\n

Leafloor, J.O. and D.H. Rusch. 1997. Clinal size variation in Canada Geese affects morphometric discrimination techniques. Journal of Wildlife Management<\/em> 61: 183-190.<\/p>\n

Leafloor, J.O., J.A. Moore, and K.T. Scribner. 2013. A hybrid zone between Canada Geese (Branta Canadensis) and Cackling Geese (B. hutchinsii). The Auk<\/em> 130(3): 1-14, 2013.<\/p>\n

Martin, P.R. and B.M. Di Labio. 1994. Identification of Common X Barrow’s Goldeneye hybrids in the field. Birding <\/em>24: 104-105.<\/p>\n

Merendino, M.T and Ankney, C.D. 1994. Habitat use by Mallards and American Black Ducks breeding in central Ontario. Condor <\/em>96: 411-421. http:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/condor\/v096n02\/p0411-p0421.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Mlodinow, S.G., P.F. Springer, B. Deuel, L.S. Semo, T. Leukering, T.D. Schonewald, W. Tweit, and J.H. Barry. 2008. Distribution and identification of Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii) <\/em>subspecies. North American Birds <\/em>62: 344 – 360. http:\/\/www.utahbirds.org\/RecCom\/IDhelp\/Cackling_Goose-NAB.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Moser, T.J. and R.E. Rolley. 1990. Discrimination of Giant and Interior Canada Geese of the Mississippi Flyway. Wildlife Society Bulletin<\/em> 18: 381-388.<\/p>\n

Mowbray, T.B., C.R. Ely, J.S. Sedinger, and R.E. Trost. 2002. Canada Goose (Branta canadensis). In The Birds of North America, no. 681 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.) Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists\u2019 Union, Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n

Pattern, M.A. and M.T. Heindel. 1994. Identifying Trumpeter and Tundra Swans in the field. Birding <\/em>26: 306-319.<\/p>\n

Pearce, J.M. and K.S. Bollinger. 2003. Morphological traits of Pacific Flyway Canada Geese as an aid to subspecies identification and management. Journal of Field Ornithology<\/em> 74: 357-369.<\/p>\n

Petrie, S. and M.L. Schummer. 2002. Waterfowl responses to zebra mussels on the lower Great Lakes. Birding <\/em>34: 346-351.<\/p>\n

Toochin, M. 1998. Possible anywhere: Tufted Duck. Birding <\/em>30: 370-383.<\/p>\n

Trauger, D.L. 1974. Eye color of female Lesser Scaup in relation to age. Auk <\/em>91: 243-254. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v091n02\/p0243-p0254.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Wading Birds (Ardeidae, Threskiornithidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dickerman, R.W. and K.C. Parkes. 1968. Notes on the plumages and generic status of the Little Blue Heron. Auk <\/em>437-440. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v085n03\/p0437-p0440.pdf.<\/a><\/p>\n

Pratt, H. Douglas. 1976. Field identification of White-faced and Glossy Ibises. Birding <\/em>8: 1-5.<\/p>\n

Davis, W.E. 1999. Identification review: Black-crowned and Yellow-crowned Night-Herons. Birding <\/em>31: 410-415.<\/p>\n

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Hawks and Vultures (Accipitridae, Cathartidae, Pandionidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carrolan, T.<\/strong> 2010. Redtails R Us. Retrieved from <\/b>http:\/\/www.hawksaloft.com\/RedtailsRus.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dickerman, R. <\/strong>1989. Identification of Red-tailed Hawks wintering in Kansas, Kansas Ornithological Society<\/i>. http:\/\/www.ksbirds.org\/kos\/bulletin\/Vol40No4.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dunne, P., D. Sibley, and C. Sutton. 1988. Hawks in Flight. <\/i>Houghton Mifflin (Boston).<\/p>\n

Iron, J. 2012. Dark morph Red-tailed Hawk: calurus<\/i> or abieticola<\/i>? TOC Newsletter,\u00a0 Toronto Ornithological Club<\/em>. http:\/\/www.jeaniron.ca\/2012\/darkredtailsTOCNews.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Liguori, J. and B. Sullivan. 2010. Comparison of Harlan\u2019s with Western and Eastern Red-tailed Hawks. Birding<\/i> 42(2) :30-37. http:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v42n2p30.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Liguori, J. and B. Sullivan. 2014. Northern Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis abieticola) revisited.<\/em> North American Birds<\/em> V 67: no. 3 374-383. http:\/\/nab.aba.org\/i\/292179\/9<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Liguori, J. 2000. Identification Review: Sharp-shinned and Cooper’s Hawks. Birding <\/em>32(5): 428-433.<\/p>\n

Liguori, J. 2001. Pitfalls of Classifying Light Morph Red-tailed Hawks to Subspecies. Birding<\/i> 33(5): 436-446.<\/p>\n

Liguori, J. 2004. Dark Red-tailed Hawks. Birding<\/i> 36(3): 501-506. http:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v36n5p500.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Liguori, J. 2004. How to Age Golden Eagles. Birding <\/em>36(3): 278-283. http:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v36n3p278.pdf.<\/a><\/p>\n

Liguori, J. 2005. Hawks from Every Angle<\/i>. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.<\/p>\n

Liguori, J. 2011. Hawks at a Distance.<\/em> Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.<\/p>\n

Pittaway, R. 1993. Subspecies and Morphs of the Red-tailed Hawk in Ontario Birds <\/i>11(1): 23-29. Ontario Field Ornithologists. http:\/\/www.jeaniron.ca\/2010\/redtailsRF.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pittaway, R. 1998. Northern Redtails. OFO News 16(1):4. http:\/\/www.jeaniron.ca\/2014\/northernredtails.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pittaway, R.<\/strong> 1999. Fall Hawkwatching Guide. OFO News 17(3):1\u20138. http:\/\/www.ofo.ca\/site\/page\/view\/articles.hawkwatching<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Preston, C.R. and R.D. Beane. 2009. Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:\u00a0 http:\/\/bna.birds.cornell.edu\/bna\/species\/052<\/a>, doi:10.2173\/bna.52<\/a> (BNA Online requires a subscription for full article access).<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. and J. Liguori. 2014. Northern Red-tailed Hawks: A site dedicated to the identification and natural history of abieticola <\/em>Red-tailed Hawks. Retrieved from https:\/\/northernredtails.wordpress.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J.<\/strong> 2014. Identifying Northern Red-tailed Hawks. eBird Canada. http:\/\/ebird.org\/content\/canada\/news\/identifying-northern-red-tailed-hawks\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sullivan, B. and J. Liguori. 2009. Active flight feather molt in migrating North American raptors. Birding 41(4): 34\u201345. <\/span><\/p>\n

Todd, W.E.C. 1950. A Northern Race of Red-tailed Hawks. Annals of the Carnegie Museum (Pittsburgh)<\/em> 31: 289-296.<\/p>\n

Wheeler, B. K. 2004. Aging and sexing Mississippi Kites. Birding <\/em>36: 508-519.<\/p>\n

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Shorebirds (Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, Haematopididae, Recurvirostridae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alstrom, P. 1987. The identification of Baird’s and White-rumped Sandpipers in juvenile plumage. Birding <\/i>19(2): 10-13.<\/p>\n

Cox, C. 2008. Identification of North American peeps: a different approach to an old problem. Birding <\/i>40(4): 32-40.<\/p>\n

Mlodinow, S. and M. Axelson. 2006. Gray-bellied Brant: identification and vagrancy. Birding <\/em>38(3): 48-55.<\/p>\n

Mlodinow, S. 2001. Possible anywhere: Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. Birding <\/em>33: 330-341.<\/p>\n

O’Brien, M. 2006. Willet: eastern vs. western subspecies. Birding <\/em>38(3): 40-47.<\/p>\n

O\u2019Brien, M., R. Crossley, and K. Karlson. 2006. The Shorebird Guide<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.<\/p>\n

Pittaway, R. 1992. Point\/counterpoint: Short-billed Dowitcher subspecies. Birding <\/em>24: 309-312.<\/p>\n

Putnam, C. 2005. Fall molts of adult dowitchers. Birding <\/em>37: 380-391. http:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v37n4p380.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Wilds, C. and M. Newlon. 1983. The field identification of dowitchers. Birding <\/em>15: 151-165.<\/p>\n

Wilds, C. 1982. Separating the yellowlegs. Birding <\/em>14: 172-178.<\/p>\n

Wilson, A. 2005. Red-necked Stint: status and identification. Birding <\/em>37: 628-637.<\/p>\n

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Gulls, Terns, and Jaegers (Laridae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gosselin, M. and N. David. 1975. Field identification of Thayer’s Gull (Larus thayeri) <\/em>in eastern North America. American Birds <\/em>29: 1059-1066. See: http:\/\/gull-research.org\/thayers\/thayerspdf.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Howell, S.N.G., and J. Dunn. 2007. A Reference Guide to the Gulls of the Americas. <\/em>Peterson Reference Guide Series. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.<\/p>\n

Ingolfsson, A. 1969. Sexual dimorphism of large gulls (Larus <\/em>spp.). Auk <\/em>86: 732-737. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v086n04\/p0732-p0737.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Lehman, P. 1980. The identification of Thayer’s Gull in the field. Birding <\/em>12: 198-210.<\/p>\n

Lethaby, N. and J. Bangma. 1998. Identifying Black-tailed Gull in North America. Birding <\/em>30: 470-483.<\/p>\n

Post, P.W. and R.H. Lewis. 1995. Lesser Black-backed Gull in the Americas: occurrence and subspecific identity, part II – field identification. Birding <\/em>27: 370-381.<\/p>\n

Sherony, D.F. and K.J. Brock. 1997. Jaeger migration on the Great Lakes. Birding <\/em>29: 372-385.<\/p>\n

Wilds, C. 1993. The identification and aging of Forster’s and Common Terns. Birding <\/em>25: 94-108.<\/p>\n

Zimmer, K.J. 1991. Plumage variation in “Kumlien’s” Iceland Gull. Birding <\/em>23: 254-270.<\/p>\n

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Owls (Tytonidae, Strigidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Owen, D.F. 1963. Polymorphism in the Screech Owl, Otus asio, <\/em>in eastern North America. Wilson Bulletin <\/em>75: 183-190. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/wilson\/v075n02\/p0183-p0190.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pittaway, R. (2014, January) Recognizable Forms: Morphs of the Eastern Screech-Owl. <\/em>Retrieved from http:\/\/www.jeaniron.ca\/Owls\/2014\/morphscreech.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Heidcamp, A. 1997. Selaphorus <\/em>hummingbirds: notes on identification. Birding <\/em>24: 18-29.<\/p>\n

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Woodpeckers (Picidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dunn, J. 1978. The races of the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Birding <\/em>10: 142-149.<\/p>\n

Ellison, W.G. 1992. Different drummers: identifying the rhythms of northeastern woodpeckers. Birding <\/em>24: 350-355.<\/p>\n

Mlodinow, S.G., J.H. Barry., and C. D. Cox. 2006. Variation in Red-naped and Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers. Birding <\/em>38(6): 42-51.<\/p>\n

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Falcons (Falconidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nicoletti, F. and D. Benson. 2000. Identification review: Gyrfalcon. Birding <\/em>32: 22-29.<\/p>\n

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Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Brunton, D.F., and W.J. Crins. 1975. Status and habitat preference of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher in Algonquin Park, Ontario.\u00a0Ontario Field Biology\u00a0<\/em>29: 25-28.<\/p>\n

Hussell, D.J.T., T. Davis and R.D. Montgomerie. 1967. Differential migration of adult and immature Least Flycatchers. Birding-Banding<\/em> 38:61-66.<\/p>\n

Hussel, D.J.T. 1981. Migrations of the Least Flycatcher in southern Ontario.\u00a0Journal of Field Ornithology <\/em>52: 97-111. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/jfo\/v052n02\/p0097-p0111.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Hussell, D.J.T. 1982a. The timing of fall migration in Yellow-bellied Flycatchers. Journal of Field Ornithology <\/em>53: 1-6.<\/p>\n

Hussell, D.J.T. 1982. Migrations of the Yellow-bellied Flycatchers in southern Ontario. Journal of Field Ornithology <\/em>53: 223-234. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/jfo\/v053n03\/p0223-p0234.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Hussell, D.J.T. 1991a. Spring migrations of Alder and Willow Flycatchers in southern Ontario. Journal of Field Ornithology <\/em>62: 69-77. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/jfo\/v062n01\/p0069-p0077.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Hussell, D.J.T. 1991b. Fall migrations of Alder and Willow Flycatchers in southern Ontario. Journal of Field Ornithology <\/em>62: 260-270. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/jfo\/v062n02\/p0260-p0270.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Lee, C., A. Birch, and T. L. Eubanks. 2008. Field identification of Western and Eastern Wood-Pewees. Birding <\/em>40: 34-41. http:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v40n5p34.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Rowland, F. 2009. Identifying Empidonax <\/em>flycatchers: the ratio approach. Birding <\/em>41: 30-39. http:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v41n2p30.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Whitney, B. and K. Kaufman. 1985a. The Empidonax<\/i> Challenge: looking at Empidonax<\/i>. Part I: Introduction. Birding<\/em> 17: 277-287.<\/p>\n

Whitney, B. and K. Kaufman. 1985b. The Empidonax<\/i> Challenge: looking at Empidonax<\/i>. Part II: Least, Hammond’s, and Dusky flycatchers. Birding<\/em> 17: 277-287.<\/p>\n

Whitney, B. and K. Kaufman. 1986a. The Empidonax<\/i> Challenge: looking at Empidonax<\/i>. Part III: “Traill’s” Flycatcher: the Alder\/Willow problem. Birding<\/em> 28: 153-159.<\/p>\n

Whitney, B. and K. Kaufman. 1986b. The Empidonax<\/i> Challenge: looking at Empidonax<\/i>. Part IV: Acadian, Yellow-bellied, and Western flycatchers. Birding<\/em> 18: 315-327.<\/p>\n

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Vireos (Vireonidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bent, A. C. 1950. Life histories of North American wagtails, shrikes, vireos, and their allies.<\/em> U.S. National Museum Bulletin 197.<\/p>\n

James, R.D. 1978. Pairing and nest site selection in Solitary and Yellow-throated Vireos, with a description of a ritualized nest building display. Canadian Journal of Zoology<\/em> 56: 1163-1169.<\/p>\n

James, R.D. 1981. Factors affecting variation in the primary song of North American Solitary Vireos (Aves: Vireonidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology<\/em> 59: 2001-2009.<\/p>\n

James, R.D. 1984. Structure, frequency of usage, and apparent learning in the primary song of the Yellow-throated Vireo, with comparative notes on Solitary Vireos (Aves: Vireonidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology<\/em> 62: 468-472.<\/p>\n

James, R.D. 1996. Yellow-throated and Solitary Vireos in Ontario: introduction and behavior of unmated males. Ontario Birds <\/em>14(2): 45-49.<\/p>\n

Rice, J. 1978a. Ecological relationships of two interspecifically territorial vireos. Ecology <\/em>59: 526-538.<\/p>\n

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Swallows (Hirundinidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lethaby, N. 1996. Identification of Tree, Northern Rough-winged and Bank Swallows. Birding <\/em>27: 111-117.<\/p>\n

Wilds, C. 1985. Unraveling the mysteries of the brown swallows. Birding <\/em>17: 209-215.<\/p>\n

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Thrushes (Turdidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aldrich, J.W. Geographic variation of the Veery. Auk<\/em> 56: 338-340. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v056n03\/p0338-p0340.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Aldrich, J.W. and F.C. James. 1991. Ecogeographic variation in the American Robin (Turdus migratorius<\/i>). Auk<\/em> 108: 230\u2013249. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v108n02\/p0230-p0249.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dunn, J. 1981. The identification of female bluebirds. Birding <\/i>12(1): 4-10.<\/p>\n

Evans, W.R. 1994. Nocturnal flight call of Bicknell\u2019s Thrush. Wilson Bulletin <\/em>106: 55-61<\/p>\n

Lane, D. and A. Jaramillo. 2000a. Field identification of Hylocichla\/Catharus <\/em>Thrushes. Part I: Molt and aging of spotted thrushes and field ID of Wood Thrush and Hermit Thrush. Birding <\/em>32: 121-135.<\/p>\n

Lane, D. and A. Jaramillo. 2000b. Field identification of Hylocichla\/Catharus <\/em>Thrushes. Part II: Veery and Swainson’s Thrush. Birding <\/em>32: 242-254.<\/p>\n

Lane, D. and A. Jaramillo. 2000c. Field identification of Hylocichla\/Catharus <\/em>Thrushes. Part III: Gray-cheeked and Bicknell’s Thrushes. Birding <\/em>32: 318-331.<\/p>\n

Mactavish, B. (2014, April 19) The Mythical Black-backed Newfoundland American Robin. <\/i>Retrieved from http:\/\/brucemactavish1.blogspot.ca\/2014\/04\/the-mythical-black-backed-newfoundland.html.<\/a><\/p>\n

Mclaren, I.A. 1995. Field identification and taxonomy of Bicknell’s Thrush. Birding <\/em>27: 358-366.<\/p>\n

Ouellet, H. 1993. Bicknell’s Thrush: Taxonomic status and distribution. Wilson Bulletin\u00a0 <\/em>105: 545-754. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/wilson\/v105n04\/p0545-p0572.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Rimmer, C. 1996. A closer look: Bicknell’s Thrush. Birding <\/em>28: 118-123.<\/p>\n

Wallace, G.J. 1939. Bicknell’s Thrush, its taxonomy, distribution, and life history. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History <\/em>41: 211-402.<\/p>\n

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Gnatcatchers (Sylviidae)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Dunn, J. and K. Garrett. 1987. The identification of North American gnatcatchers. Birding <\/i>19(1): 17-29.<\/p>\n

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Longspurs (Calcariidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sullivan, B.L. and E.L. Kershner. 2003. Learning to identify difficult longspurs. Birding <\/em>35: 508-514.<\/p>\n

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Wood Warblers (Parulidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Binford, L.C. 1971. Identification of Northern and Louisiana Waterthrushes. California Birds <\/em>2: 1-10. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/wb\/v02n01\/p0001-p0010.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Burke, D.M. and E. Nol. 1998. Influence of food abundance, nest-site habitat, and forest fragmentation on breeding Ovenbirds.\u00a0Auk\u00a0<\/em>115: 96-104. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v115n01\/p0096-p0104.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Collins, S.L. 1983. Geographic variation in habitat structure of the Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens)<\/em>. Auk <\/em>100: 382-389. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v100n02\/p0382-p0389.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Craig, J. 1985. Comparative habitat use by Louisiana and Northern Waterthrushes. Wilson Bulletin <\/em>97: 347-355. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/wilson\/v097n03\/p0347-p0355.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Curson, J. 1992. Identification of Connecticut, Mourning and MacGillivray’s Warblers in female and immature plumages.\u00a0 Birders Journal <\/em>1: 275-278.<\/p>\n

Curson, J. 1993. Identification of Northern and Louisiana waterthrushes.\u00a0 Birder’s Journal <\/em>2: 126-130.<\/p>\n

Dunn, J. and K. Garrett. 1997. A Field Guide to the Warblers of North America. <\/em>Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA.<\/p>\n

Foster, M.S. 1967. Pterylography and age determination in Orange-crowned Warbler. Condor <\/em>69: 1-12. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/condor\/v069n01\/p0001-p0012.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Francis, C.M. and F. Cooke. 1986. Differential timing of spring migration in wood warblers (Parulidae). The Auk <\/em>103(3): 548-556. http:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v103n03\/p0548-p0556.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Gartshore, M.E. 1988. A summary of the breeding status of Hooded Warbler in Ontario. Ontario Birds <\/em>6: 85-89.<\/p>\n

Getty, S. R. 1993. Call-notes of North American Wood Warblers. Birding <\/em>25: 159-168.<\/p>\n

Harris, A. 1990. Palm Warblers use upland cutovers as nesting habitat in northwestern Ontario.\u00a0Ontario Birds\u00a0<\/em>8: 84-87.<\/p>\n

Hough, J. 1996. Pine and “baypoll” warblers: plumage variation and identification problems. Birding <\/em>284-291.<\/p>\n

Hubbard, J.P. 1970. Geographic variation in the\u00a0Dendroica\u00a0<\/em>coronata\u00a0<\/em>complex.\u00a0Wilson Bulletin\u00a0<\/em>82: 355-369. \u00a0https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/wilson\/v082n04\/p0355-p0369.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Hutto, R.L. 1981. Seasonal variation in the foraging behavior of some migratory wood warblers. Auk <\/em>98: 765-777. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v098n04\/p0765-p0777.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Johnston, D.W. 1976. Races of Palm Warbler killed at a Florida TV tower. Florida Field Naturalists <\/em>4: 22-24. http:\/\/www.fosbirds.org\/sites\/default\/files\/FFNs\/FFNv04n2p22-24Johnston.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Lehman, P. 1987. Immature Blackburnian and Cerulean Warblers: a cautionary note. Birding <\/em>19: 22-23.<\/p>\n

Ouellet, H. 1967. The distribution of Cerulean Warbler in the province of Quebec. Auk\u00a0<\/i>8: 272-274. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v084n02\/p0272-p0274.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Raveling, D.G. and \u00a0D.W. Warner. 1965. Plumages, molt and morphometry of Tennessee Warblers.\u00a0Bird banding\u00a0<\/em>36: 169-179. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/jfo\/v036n03\/p0169-p0179.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Regelski, D.J. and R.R. Moldenhauer. 1996. Discrimination between regional song forms in the Northern Parula. Wilson Bulletin <\/em>108: 335-341. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/wilson\/v108n02\/p0335-p0341.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Shapiro, L. 2005. Hybrids of Golden-winged and Blue-winged Warblers. Birding <\/em>37: 278-287.<\/p>\n

Whitney, B. 1983. Bay-breasted, Blackpoll, and Pine Warblers in fall plumage. Birding <\/em>15: 219-222.<\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sparrows (Emberizidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aldrich, J.W. 1940. Geographic variation in eastern North America Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis<\/em>). Ohio Journal of Science<\/em> 40: 1-8. http:\/\/kb.osu.edu\/dspace\/bitstream\/handle\/1811\/3058\/V40N01_001.pdf?sequence=1<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Aldrich, J.W. 1984. Ecogeographical variation in size and proportions of Song Sparrows<\/em> (Melospiza melodia). Ornithological Monographs No. 35, American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/om\/om035.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Atkinson, C.T. and C.J. Ralph. 1980. Acquisition of plumage polymorphism in White-throated Sparrows. Auk <\/em>97: 245-252. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v097n02\/p0245-p0252.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Banks, R.C. 1964. Geographic variation in the White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys<\/em>. University of California Publications in Zoology<\/em> 70:1-123.<\/p>\n

Beadle, D. and J. Rising. 2002. Sparrows of the United States and Canada: The Photographic Guide. <\/em>Princeton University Press, New Jersey.<\/p>\n

Dunn, J. L., K. L. Garrett, and J. K. Alderfer. 1995. White-crowned Sparrow subspecies: Identification and distribution. Birding <\/em>27: 183-200.<\/p>\n

Dunn, J. 2002. The identification of Pink-sided Juncos. Birding <\/em>34: 432-443.<\/p>\n

Garrett, K.L., J.L. Dunn, and R. Righter. 2000. Call notes and winter distribution in the Fox Sparrow complex. Birding <\/em>32: 412-417.<\/p>\n

Lowler, J.K. 1961. Polymorphism in the White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis <\/em>(Gmelin). Canadian Journal of Zoology <\/em>39: 281-292.<\/p>\n

Mclaren, I.A. and A. G. Horn. 2006. The Ipswich Sparrow: past, present, and future. Birding<\/em> 38: 52-59.<\/p>\n

Murray, B.G. Jr. 1969. A comparative study of Le Conte’s and Sharp-tailed Sparrows. Auk <\/em>86: 199-231. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v086n02\/p0199-p0231.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pyle, P. and P. Henderson. 1990. On separating female and immature Oporornis <\/em>warblers in the fall. Birding <\/em>22: 222-229.<\/p>\n

Pyle, P. and D. Sibley. 1992. Juvenal-plumaged Le Conte’s Sparrows on migration. Birding <\/em>24: 70-76.<\/p>\n

Pyle, P. and S. N. G. Howell. 1996. Spizella <\/em>sparrows: intraspecific variation and identification. Birding <\/em>28: 374-388.<\/p>\n

Rimmer, C.C. 1986. Identification of juvenile Lincoln’s and Swamp Sparrows. Journal of Field Ornithology <\/em>57: 114-125. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/jfo\/v057n02\/p0114-p0125.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Rising, J.D. 2001. Geographic variation in size and shape of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis<\/em>). Studies in Avian Biology<\/em> 23. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/sab\/sab_023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Rising, J. 2010. The many Savannah Sparrows. Birding <\/em>42: 44-55.<\/p>\n

Sibley, D. 1996. Field identification of the Sharp-tailed Sparrow complex. Birding <\/em> 28: 197-208.<\/span><\/p>\n

Swarth, H.W. 1920. Revision of the avian genus Passerella <\/em>with special reference to the distribution and migration of the races in California. University of California Publications in Zoology <\/em>21: 75-224. https:\/\/ia800204.us.archive.org\/12\/items\/cu31924022548907\/cu31924022548907.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Todd, W.E.C. 1953. Further taxonomic notes on the White-crowned Sparrow.\u00a0Auk\u00a0<\/em>70: 370-372. \u00a0https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v070n03\/p0370-p0372.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Woods, P. 1999. A Familiar Mystery: Polymorphism and the White-throated Sparrow. Birding <\/em>31: 263-267.<\/p>\n

Zink, R.M. and A. E. Kessen. 1999. Species limits in the Fox Sparrow. Birding <\/em>31: 508-517.<\/p>\n

Zink, R.M., and 6 co-authors. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA variation, species limits, and rapid evolution of plumage coloration and size in the Savannah Sparrow. Condor<\/em> 107:21-28. http:\/\/myweb.dal.ca\/aghorn\/pubs\/ZinkEtAl.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

Blackbirds (Icteridae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lee, C. and A. Birch. 1998. Field identification of female and immature Bullock’s and Baltimore Orioles. Birding <\/em>30: 282-295.<\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

Finches (Fringillidae)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Benkman, C.W. 1989. Breeding opportunities, foraging rates, and parental care in White-winged Crossbills.\u00a0Auk<\/em> 106: 483-485.<\/p>\n

Benkman, C.W. 1990. Foraging rates and timing of crossbill reproduction.\u00a0Auk\u00a0<\/em>107: 376-386.<\/p>\n

Czaplak, D. 1995. Identifying Common and Hoary redpolls in winter. Birding <\/em>27: 446-457.<\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

North America<\/strong><\/p>\n

Benton, T.G., D.M. Bryant, L. Cole, and H.Q.P. Crick. 2002. Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: a historical study over three decades. Journal of Applied Ecology\u00a0<\/i>39: 673-687.<\/p>\n

Bolgiano, N.C. 2004. Cause and effect: changes in boreal bird irruptions in Eastern North America relative to the 1970s Spruce Budworm infestation. American Birds <\/em>58: 26-33. http:\/\/greenwich.audubon.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/104_026-33BUDWORMfeature.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bruderer, B. and F. Liechti. 1998<\/span>. Flight behavior of nocturnally migrating birds in coastal areas \u2014 crossing or coasting.<\/span> Journal of Avian Biology<\/em> <\/span>29: 499<\/span>\u2013507<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Buffington, J.M., J.C. Kilgo, R.A. Sargent, K.V. Miller, and B.R. Chapman. 1997. Comparison of breeding bird communities in bottomland hardwood forests of different successional stages.\u00a0Wilson Bulletin\u00a0<\/em>109: 314-319. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/wilson\/v109n02\/p0314-p0319.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Crossley, R. 2011. The Crossley ID Guide: Eastern Birds. <\/em>Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.<\/p>\n

Dunn, J.L. and J. Alderfer. 2011. National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America. <\/em>6th ed. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.<\/p>\n

Elliot, L. 1999. Music of the Birds: A Celebration of Birdsong<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt., Boston, MA.<\/p>\n

Howell, S.N.G. 2010. Molt in North American Birds. <\/em>Peterson Reference Guide Series. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.<\/p>\n

Jaramillo, A. 2006. Tales from the cryptic species. Birding <\/em>38(3): 30-38.<\/p>\n

Karlson, K.T. and D.A. Rosselet. Birding by impression: a different approach to field identification. Birding <\/em>39: 56-63.<\/p>\n

Kaufman, K. 1984. Terminology and bird topography. Birding <\/em>16: 191-196.<\/p>\n

Kaufman, K. 1990. Advanced Birding. <\/em>Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA.<\/p>\n

Peterson, R.T. 2008. Peterson Field Guide to Birds of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA.<\/p>\n

Sibley, D.A. 1994. A guide to finding and identifying hybrid birds. Birding <\/em>26: 163-177.<\/p>\n

Sibley, D.A. 2014. The Sibley Guide to Birds. <\/em>2nd ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.<\/p>\n

Wilds, C. 1989. The terminology of plumage and molt. Birding <\/em>21: 148-153.<\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

\u00a0Canada<\/strong><\/p>\n

Godfrey, W.E. 1966.\u00a0The Birds of Canada. <\/em>Bulletin 203.\u00a0National Museum of Canada. Ottawa.<\/p>\n

Godfrey, W.E. 1986. The Birds of Canada<\/em>. Revised Edition. National Museum of Canada. Ottawa.<\/p>\n

Manning, T.H. 1952. Birds of the west James Bay and southern Hudson Bay coasts<\/em>.\u00a0Bulletin 125. National Museum of Canada.\u00a0<\/em>Ottawa.<\/p>\n

Todd, W.E.C.<\/strong> 1963. Birds of the Labrador Peninsula and Adjacent Areas. <\/em>Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario.<\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ontario<\/strong><\/p>\n

Austen, M.J.W., M.D. Cadman, and R.D. James. 1994. Ontario birds at risk: status and conservation needs. Federation of Ontario Naturalists and Long Point Bird Observatory, Don Mills.<\/p>\n

Cadman, M.D., D.A. Sutherland, G. G. Beck, D. Lepage, and A.R.Couturier (eds). Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario, 2001-2005.<\/em> Bird Studies Canada, Environment Canada, Ontario Field Ornithologists, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Ontario Nature, Toronto, xxii + 706 pp.<\/p>\n

James, R.D. 1991. Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Ontario.<\/em> Second Edition. Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publications. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.<\/p>\n

Peck, G.K., and R.D. James. 1987. Breeding Birds of Ontario: Nidiology and Distribution. Volume 2: Passerines.<\/em> Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publications. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/breedingbirdsofo02peck<\/a><\/p>\n

Weir, R. D. 1989. The birds of the Kingston region<\/em>. Kingston Field Naturalists, Kingston, Ontario.<\/p>\n

_________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

Birdsong<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kroodsma, D.E. 1979. Vocal duelling among male Marsh Wrens: evidence for ritualized expression of \u00a0dominance\/subordinance.\u00a0Auk\u00a0<\/em>96: 506-515. \u00a0https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v096n03\/p0506-p0515.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Kroodsma, D.E. 1984. Songs of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum)<\/em> and Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax trailli<\/em>)\u00a0are innate.\u00a0Auk\u00a0<\/em>101: 13-24. https:\/\/sora.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/journals\/auk\/v101n01\/p0013-p0024.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Kroodsma, D.E. 2005. The Singing Life of Birds. The Art and Science of Listening to Birdsong<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA.<\/p>\n

Kroodsma, D.E. 2009. Birdsong by the Seasons<\/em>. \u00a0Boston, Masschusetts, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA.<\/p>\n

Marler, P., and M. Tamura. 1962. Song dialects in three populations of the White-crowned Sparrow.\u00a0Condor\u00a0<\/em>64: 368-377.<\/p>\n

Marler, P., and H. Slabbekoorn. 2004. Nature’s Music: The Science of Birdsong<\/em>. London: Elsevier Academic Press.<\/p>\n

Mcnair, D.B. and R.A. Forster. 1983. Heterospecific vocal mimicry by six oscines. Canadian Field Naturalist<\/em> 97: 321-322.<\/p>\n

Thorpe, W.H., and P.M. Pilcher. 1958. The nature and characteristics of subsong.\u00a0British Birds\u00a0<\/em>51: 509-514. \u00a0https:\/\/www.britishbirds.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/article_files\/V51\/V51_N12\/V51_N12_P509_512_A080.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

_________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

My Publications<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. and J. Liguori. 2014. Northern Red-tailed Hawks: A site dedicated to the identification and natural history of abieticola <\/em>Red-tailed Hawks. Retrieved from https:\/\/northernredtails.wordpress.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J.<\/strong> 2014. Identifying Northern Red-tailed Hawks. eBird Canada. http:\/\/ebird.org\/content\/canada\/news\/identifying-northern-red-tailed-hawks\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2016. Photo Quiz. OFO News <\/em>34(1): 15-16.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2016. Photo Quiz. OFO News <\/em>34(2): 15-16.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2016. Photo Quiz. OFO News <\/em>34(3): 15-16.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2017. Photo Quiz. OFO News <\/em>35(1): 15-16.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2017. Photo Quiz. OFO News <\/em>35(2): 15-16.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2017. Photo Quiz. OFO News <\/em>35(3): 15-16.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2018. Photo Quiz.\u00a0OFO News\u00a0<\/em>36(1): 15-16.<\/p>\n

Ruddy, J. 2018. Photo Quiz.\u00a0OFO News\u00a0<\/em>36(2): 15-16.<\/p>\n

_________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

Facebook Sites of Interest
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Advanced Bird ID: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/357272384368972\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Field Naturalists of Ontario: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1725944067631993\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Hawk ID: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1387877288186021\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Ontario Birds: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/group\/377736792291721\/<\/a><\/p>\n

OFO – Ontario Field Ornithologists: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/OntarioFieldOrnithologists?fref=ts<\/a><\/p>\n

Ottawa-Gatineau Hawkwatchers: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1480918358796602\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/379992938552\/<\/a><\/p>\n

North American Gulls: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/nagulls\/<\/a><\/p>\n

RIFF RAFF Hawkwatch Group: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/243276639112\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Simcoe County Banding Group: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/simcoecountybanding?fref=ts<\/a><\/p>\n

_________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

Blogs & Websites of Interest
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Brandon Holden’s blog: http:\/\/www.blog.peregrineprints.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Bruce Di Labio’s blog: http:\/\/brucedilabio.blogspot.ca\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Gillian Mastromatteo’s blog: https:\/\/meadowhawk.wordpress.com\/the-pathless-woods\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Jacques Bouvier’s blog: http:\/\/jacquesbouvier.blogspot.ca\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Jean Iron & Ron Pittaway’s site: http:\/\/jeaniron.ca<\/a><\/p>\n

Jerry Liguori’s Blog: http:\/\/jerryliguori.blogspot.ca\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Josh Vandermeulen’s blog: http:\/\/joshvandermeulen.blogspot.ca\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Mike Burrell’s blog: http:\/\/mikeburrell.blogspot.ca\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Ontario Field Ornithologists: http:\/\/www.ofo.ca\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Ontario Bird Checklist: http:\/\/www.ofo.ca\/site\/page\/view\/checklist.checklist<\/a><\/p>\n

OntBirds archive: http:\/\/ontbirds.ca\/pipermail\/birdalert_ontbirds.ca\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Surfbirds: http:\/\/surfbirds.com<\/a><\/p>\n

The Afternoon Birder: http:\/\/theafternoonbirder.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

______________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

Birding Ethics<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ontario Field Ornithologists: http:\/\/www.ofo.ca\/site\/page\/view\/aboutus.ethics<\/a><\/p>\n

Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club: http:\/\/www.ofnc.ca\/birding\/Code-of-Conduct.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae) Abraham, K.F. 2005. The Cackling Goose: not new to Ontario. OFO News 23: 2-6. http:\/\/www.ofo.ca\/site\/page\/view\/articles.cacklinggoose. Cox, C. and J. Barry. 2005. The identification, molts, and aging of American and Eurasian Wigeons in female-type plumages. Birding 37(2): 156-164.\u00a0https:\/\/www.aba.org\/birding\/v37n2p156.pdf Jackson, G. D. 1991. Field identification of teal in North America: Part I. … Continue reading Library<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-34","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34"}],"version-history":[{"count":133,"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9043,"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34\/revisions\/9043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eontbird.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}